RELATIVE CLAUSES
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RELATIVE CLAUSES
Tanımlayacağımız isim, tanımlayan cümlede özne durumundaysa, onun yerine kullanabileceğimiz sözcükler who, that ve which dir. Who, sadece insanlar için, which bütün cansız varlıklar ve hayvanlar için, that ise hepsi için kullanılabilir. "Crowd, audience, class" gibi grup isimleri, insanlardan oluşmalarına rağmen, eğer kurumu kastediyorsak, tekil bir fiille that ya da which kullanmayı gerektirir. Ancak bu kurumu oluşturan bireyleri kastediyorsak, çoğul bir fiille who kullanılır ki bu kullanım defining relative clause için pek yaygın değildir.
A staff is inevitably inefficient. It is not well-trained.
A staff which/that is not well-trained is inevitably inefficient.
The staff are calling for a strike. They are dissatisfied with their conditions.
The staff, who are dissatisfied with their conditions, are calling for a strike.
I congratulated the student. She go i the highest mark.
I congratulated the student who got the highest mark.
that got the highest mark.
Can you repair the chair? It is in the study room.
Can you repair the chair which is in the study room?
that is in the study room?
Relative clause tanımladığı isimden sonra gelir. Bu nedenle, tanımlayacağımız isim temel cümlenin öznesi ise, relative clause özne ile yüklemin arasında yer alır.
The student is happy. She got the highest mark on the test.
The student who got the highest mark on the test is happy.
that got the highest mark on the test
The chair is broken. It is in the study room.
The chair which is in the study room is broken.
that is in the study room
Bazen tanımladığımız isme ait başka sözcükler olabilir. Bu durumda relative clause, bu sözcüklerden sonra gelir.
There is someone at the door. He wants to see you.
There is someone at the door who wants to see you.
(Kapıda sizinle görüşmek isteyen biri var.)
Who, that ve which'den sonra gelen fiilin tekil ya da çoğul olması tanımladığı isme bağlıdır. Eğer isim tekil ya da sayılamaz ise tekil bir fiil: çoğul bir isim ise çoğul bir fiil kullanılır.
The person who lives next to us is an engineer.
The people who live next to us are very friendly.
The plate which is on the counter is dirty.
The plates which are on the counter are dirty.
The milk which is in the bottle is for the baby.
Relative clause ile temel cümlenin tense'i farklı zamanlara ait olabilir.
The man who was run over by a truck yesterday is in the intensive care unit now.
I don't think the chair which was broken yesterday can be repaired.
Ancak, bazı durumlarda, tense uyuşması gerekebilir. Örneğin "I congratulated the student .... " ifadesini "who gets the highest mark" biçiminde tamamlayanlayız. Çünkü "kutladım" diyebilmemiz için tanımladığımız ismin bir şey yapmış olması gerekir. Yani o da past time'a aittir.
I congratulated the student who got the highest mark.
I helped the woman who had difficulty carrying the heavy shopping bags.
They will give a prize to the person who wins the competition.
They gave a prize to the person who won the competition
*********************************************************
A staff is inevitably inefficient. It is not well-trained.
A staff which/that is not well-trained is inevitably inefficient.
The staff are calling for a strike. They are dissatisfied with their conditions.
The staff, who are dissatisfied with their conditions, are calling for a strike.
I congratulated the student. She go i the highest mark.
I congratulated the student who got the highest mark.
that got the highest mark.
Can you repair the chair? It is in the study room.
Can you repair the chair which is in the study room?
that is in the study room?
Relative clause tanımladığı isimden sonra gelir. Bu nedenle, tanımlayacağımız isim temel cümlenin öznesi ise, relative clause özne ile yüklemin arasında yer alır.
The student is happy. She got the highest mark on the test.
The student who got the highest mark on the test is happy.
that got the highest mark on the test
The chair is broken. It is in the study room.
The chair which is in the study room is broken.
that is in the study room
Bazen tanımladığımız isme ait başka sözcükler olabilir. Bu durumda relative clause, bu sözcüklerden sonra gelir.
There is someone at the door. He wants to see you.
There is someone at the door who wants to see you.
(Kapıda sizinle görüşmek isteyen biri var.)
Who, that ve which'den sonra gelen fiilin tekil ya da çoğul olması tanımladığı isme bağlıdır. Eğer isim tekil ya da sayılamaz ise tekil bir fiil: çoğul bir isim ise çoğul bir fiil kullanılır.
The person who lives next to us is an engineer.
The people who live next to us are very friendly.
The plate which is on the counter is dirty.
The plates which are on the counter are dirty.
The milk which is in the bottle is for the baby.
Relative clause ile temel cümlenin tense'i farklı zamanlara ait olabilir.
The man who was run over by a truck yesterday is in the intensive care unit now.
I don't think the chair which was broken yesterday can be repaired.
Ancak, bazı durumlarda, tense uyuşması gerekebilir. Örneğin "I congratulated the student .... " ifadesini "who gets the highest mark" biçiminde tamamlayanlayız. Çünkü "kutladım" diyebilmemiz için tanımladığımız ismin bir şey yapmış olması gerekir. Yani o da past time'a aittir.
I congratulated the student who got the highest mark.
I helped the woman who had difficulty carrying the heavy shopping bags.
They will give a prize to the person who wins the competition.
They gave a prize to the person who won the competition
*********************************************************
chatLakqitaRist- Mod
- Mesaj Sayısı : 108
Kayıt tarihi : 09/05/08
Yaş : 33
Nerden : İstanßuL...
Geri: RELATIVE CLAUSES
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chatLakqitaRist- Mod
- Mesaj Sayısı : 108
Kayıt tarihi : 09/05/08
Yaş : 33
Nerden : İstanßuL...
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